Expectation

분포의 중심이 되는 값이다.

Probability Theory 에서, 랜덤 변수 에 대한 expected value 는 또는 로 표기된다.

  • discrete random variable
  • Let be a random variable with a finite number of finite outcomes occurring with probabilities , respectively.
  • The expectation of is defined as

1.1. 예시

Let represent the outcome of a roll of a fair six-sided die. More specifically, will be the number of pips showing on the top face of the die after the toss.

  • The possible values for are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, all of which are equally likely with a probability of .
  • The expectation of is
  • univariate continuous random variable
  • Remark
    • When the random variable associated with the expectation or covariance is clear by its arguments, the subscript is often suppressed (for example is often written as ).

2. Basic Property

2.1. Linearity of Expectation

for any random variables and , 그리고 상수 에 대하여 다음을 만족한다.

2.2. Non-multiplicativity

일반적으로, 가 꼭 와 같진 않다. 그러나 만약 가 독립이라면, 을 만족한다.

3. Uses and Applications

기댓값은 variance 를 계산하는데 활용할 수 있다.

4. Related

5. References